The Crucible inevitable Essay Example for Free

The Crucible inevitable Essay The Crucible was written in 1953 by the American playwright, Arthur Miller. It is a historical play, which takes place in the small theocratical Puritan village of Salem, Massachusetts in 1692. However, Miller wrote the The Crucible not just as a straight historical play detailing the Salem witch trials; the play in fact acts as a political allegory based on the situation in America during the Cold War in which Miller wrote the play. The allegorical story relates back to the Salem witchcraft trials and connects them to their contemporary equivalent in Millers time, the McCarthy trials. Just as the people in Salem believed that witchcraft threatens their village, many Americans during this time saw Communism as a threat too. Arthur Miller himself was called in front of the committee, when he refused to give the names of friends who might have believed in Communism he was fined for contempt of court. The political witch hunt of McCarthyism becomes clear in Millers play, which was written to illustrate how fear and hysteria mixed with an atmosphere of persecution may end tragically. The Salem witch trials took place from June to September of 1692, during which time nineteen men and women were hanged, including a man named John Proctor, at Gallows Hill near Salem, while another man was pressed to death. Hundreds of other people were accused of witchcraft and many more suffered in jail without trials. The tragedy shows how over imaginative minds can lead to disastrously unjust consequences and represents the village as a paradox as usually Puritans were extremely religious and never committed sins as like as those that went on during the time of the witch-hunt. The actual word, crucible, has a few meanings. It can be a container which is able to resist heat; a melting pot, this could be a pot in which all of the characters in the play melt into individuals. It also has a connection with witches, as this melting pot could symbolise a cauldron. It can be the hollow at the bottom of an ore furnace, representing the hollowness and dishonesty of the villagers in Salem. As a result, the title does not immediately make the audience believe that John Proctors death be inevitable as the villagers of Salem are represented as being hollow and shallow so are expected to willingly admit to witchcraft if it means that their lives will be spared. To reinforce the theme of religion, the word crucible can mean the bearing of a cross, which relates to a crucifix. In the Act, the importance of religion is immediately introduced as John Proctor is illustrated as being a very sinful man as it is revealed that he has not been at Sabbath recently, this was a serious issue as religion was so important to the Puritan society and he is therefore suspected of witchcraft. Proctor claims that there is no need to go to church, for he feels Reverend Parris is too obsessed with hell and never mentions God anymore. Parris warns that there must be obedience or the church will burn like Hell, but Proctor asks if he can speak one minute without mentioning Hell. This expresses how deeply religious Proctor is and also gives a glimpse of goodness in him as he cares for his family as he says I never knew that I must account to that man for I come to church or stay at home. My wife was sick this winter. This also shows that Proctor is an individual, as he does not go with the majority of the village by not working on the Sabbath day. He despises hypocrites; he had a sharp and biting way with hypocrites, and even seems to hate the hypocrisy of religion even though he had a deep spiritual belief in God. John Proctor is introduced as being harsh, unkind, and extremely powerful. This does not make his death foreseeable, as he seems to be an obvious sinner. His insensitive nature is shown in the way that other members of the village of Salem are scared of him, afraid of him and strangely titillated, and more importantly it is expressed by the heartless treatment he gives Abigail Williams, a former servant of his family. Proctor patronises her by calling her a child and as Abby is relatively unknown at this point, we can relate to her as she is a around our age. Abby is obviously deeply in love with him as she is extremely flirtatious and speaks affectionately and to him; tauntingly, but Proctor is numb and aggressive towards her, this is shown in his actions; setting her firmly out of his path, beginning to anger, do you look for a whipping? and shaking her. This makes the audience disrespect him and empathise with her. Abby talks of the affair she had with Proctor, it is this affair that seems to be the catalyst to the witchcraft accusations, as it seems to be the reason why Abigail starts condemning people of witchery and the key element that starts the witch hunt. She is very sensual and tries to seduce him by saying I am waiting for you every night but he just states that he will cut off his hand before he will ever reach for her again. His dismissive actions further create the audiences disgust towards him and make the audience sympathise with Abby, as she appears to be a victim, John, pity me, pity me. However at this point in the play, Proctors true personality has been hidden beneath the outer appearance of a cruel, immoral, insensitive man which does not make the audience believe that his death will be inevitable as when faced with the accusations of witchcraft, the audience feel that he would easily admit to them if it would re sult in him preserving his life.

Julius Caesar Essay -- essays research papers fc

Julius Caesar Julius Caesar was said to be the greatest man in the Roman world. This man whos name alone commands power, success and respect. Born in 102 B.C., Gaius Julius Caesar. His aunt had married as a youth of seventeen to the daughter of Cinna, another leader of the fraction that was opposed to the aristocratic party under Sulla, Marius, great rival. A year or two later, when Sulla had become supreme in the state, the young man was ordered to put away his wife. He refused, and his life was saved only through the intercession of powerful friends in Rome. But though he had been reprieved, Ceasar was far from safe, and for a time he skulled in the mountains until he managed to get acrss the sea to Asia Minor, where he served in the Roman army that was campaigning against Mithridates, the king of Pontus. At the seige of Mitylene in 80 B.C. he first distinguished himself as a soldier when he saved the life of a hard-pressed cmrade. On the death of he kept himself at the bar. His politics and mad e a career for himself at the bar. His political learning were showwn clearly enought, however, when he ventured to act as prosecutor of one of Sulla’s principal lieutnants, who was charged with gross extortion and crueltu when he was governor of the Macedonian province. To improve himself in rhetoric, Casear went to Rhodes to take a course of lessons under a celebrated master of that art, and it was probably at about this time that he had his famous encouter with Mediterranean pirates. These rufians captured the ship in which he was a passenger, and put his ransom. While his messenger was away collecting the money, Caesar made himself quite at home with his captors. He told them amusing stories, joked with them, joined in their exercises, and, always in the highest good humor, told laughed and joined in the fun. But Caesar was as good as his word. As soon as his ransom had been paid some over and he regained his liberty, he went to Miletus, hired some warships, and made stra ight back to the pirates, and ordered them to be crucified as he had assured them that he would. He also got back the money that had benn paid as his ransom. Still on the fringe of the political arena, Caesar spent the next few years as a gay young man about town. His family wasn’t rich, but there were plenty of moneylenders who were glad to accommodate him. He spent money like water, on expe... ...ush them sway, and then struck at them with his meta stilus or pen. Then he saw Brutus was among his assailants. â€Å"what, you too, Brutus† as he said and convering his body with his robe so that he should fall decently, suffered himself to be overborne. He fell, with twenty-three wounds in his body, at the foot of the statue of his great rival Pompey, which, with characteristic magnanimity, he had allowed to be re-erected in the Capitol. Such was their mad fury, some of the murderers had wounded one another in their bloody work. Now they ruched from the scene, sxultingly shouting that the Tyrant was no more. Thy called upon the people who were there to rejoice with them, but the people hung their heads, or muttered a prayer or fled. So Caesar died â€Å"the noblest man†, to quote Shakespeare’s immortal lines again, â€Å"that ever lived in the tide of times Bibliography 100 Great Kings, Queens and Rulers of the World Edited by John Canning School Library Journal Audio Recording Drama Theater Julius Caear http://homepages.iol.ie/~coolmine/typ/romans/romans6.html Julius Caesar http:library.thinkingquest.org/17120/data/bios/users/caesar/page_1.html The Word Book Encyclopedia Julius Caesar Vol 3

Life and Ministry of A. J. Tomlinson

Ambrose J. Tomlinson (1865-1943) belonged to a moderately wealthy family from Westfield, Indiana.   His family conducted business, and so the young Tomlinson, after finishing his studies at the prominent Westfield Academy, tried his hand at business as well.   His life in the huge Quaker community was serene to begin with.   In the rural community, Tomlinson was able to connect with a few religious people who strengthened his interest in the Gospel (Hunter, 2003).Tomlinson’s neighbors in Westfield included two African-American families.   Each summer the African-American families in addition to some of the freed slaves attended camp meetings of people of color.   White worshippers were attracted to the meetings as well.   Even Tomlinson happened to attend some of these meetings.   Soon he was introduced by a man named J. B. Mitchell to Charles G. Finney, a revivalist.   In the year 1894, Tomlinson and Mitchell co-founded the Book and Tract Company which took th em both on short trips to Appalachia.   Tomlinson was introduced to Frank Sandford, the founder of the Shiloh community, and other religious figures around this time (Hunter).Tomlinson’s understanding of religion was enhanced as he encountered important religious personalities.   The Acts 2 commune practiced by the Shiloh community, for example, provided a model for his family to imitate.   In the year 1899, Tomlinson and his family came across the Fire-Baptized Holiness Association of B. H. Irwin (Hunter).   By this time Tomlinson had been eagerly seeking out â€Å"locations where special visitations of the Holy Spirit were occurring (Nienkirchen, 1992, p. 32).†Ã‚   According to Nienkirchen, the goal of Tomlinson was â€Å"to find the true ‘Church of God’ where the preaching of the word was being confirmed by miracles, signs, and wonders, together with gifts of the Holy Spirit according to the pattern of Acts (p. 32).†Ã‚   The Church of God for All Nations describes Tomlinson’s success in eventually finding the Church of God:According to prophecy, the Church (Zion) was ordained to arise from the grave of the Dark  Ages among the Gentiles in the Last Days (Isaiah 60:1-3; Isaiah 52:1).   This occurred on June  13, 1903, in Cherokee County, North Carolina, when Prophet A. J. Tomlinson found the body  of people whom God had chosen to be the resurrection Church of God in its infancy this side  of the Dark Ages.   It was in this same year that the Wright Brothers arose from the earth by  the invention of the airplane, a material witness to what God was doing spiritually (Isaiah  60:8).  Prior to this time, A. J. Tomlinson was a colporteur for the American Bible Society,  distributing Bibles and religious literature throughout the southeastern United States.He also  printed and distributed his first publication called â€Å"Samson's Foxes.†Ã‚   God began to move  upon him to find the bod y of people who would be the Church of the Last Days.   After  investigating many groups, he scripturally determined the one which God had chosen.   It was  the remains of a small union of churches which in 1886 became an association under the  guidance and direction of R. G. Spurling and came to be known as the Christian Union.   It had  dwindled into a small group in Camp Creek, however, because of the tragedies of heresy and  fanaticism which had crept in to destroy the flock.   In 1902 the name was changed from  Christian Union to Holiness Church.   The fellowship, consisting of some twenty members,  was abiding under the name of Holiness Church when A. J. Tomlinson was moved by God to approach them for fellowship (â€Å"Church of God History†).One morning of June 1903, Tomlinson climbed the Prayer Mountain in Cherokee County, North Carolina, to pray for the guidance of God.   Subsequently he was led by the Holy Spirit to join the Church of God t hat he had already discovered.   As Tomlinson was being led by the Holy Spirit, the Wright Brothers were trying hard to fly in another corner of North Carolina.   This acted as a sign for Tomlinson.   Moreover, his anointed leadership role became apparent to the others as well around the same time.   Tomlinson was made the pastor of the little community of believers almost immediately.   He was eventually recognized as a chosen one of God.   The Church was destined to grow under his guidance, until it was considered essential to arrange a General Assembly in the year 1906.   The General Assembly mainly consisted of the ministry.   After the meeting, the Church was able to grow further and its operations became more formalized.   The name of Tomlinson’s Church was eventually changed to Church of God in the year 1907 (â€Å"Church of God History†).Tomlinson noted that he felt â€Å"more fully awakened† in the year 1907 (Hunter).   Soon after, h e was granted the title of General Moderator of the Church of God.   In the year 1910, he was named General Overseer of the Church.   Four years later, the man’s appointment was acknowledged as perpetual.   In the year 1918, his life changed once again as his nation suffered from influenza and the Church was unable to convene a general conference.   From 1919, the state of affairs of the Church began to face a downturn, as the democratic government tried to disrupt its operation.In 1922, the democratic government was able to draw up a constitution to subjugate Tomlinson to the total control as well as limitations imposed by the laws of the land.   Tomlinson realized that this move on the part of the government was designed to control the â€Å"Theocratic Government (â€Å"Church of God History†).†Ã‚   From that point on, the man tried to do his utmost to make corrections in the functioning of the Church.   Because the financial records of the Church were not organized, however, the government expressed its doubts and suspicions about the conduct of the General Overseer.   Nevertheless, Tomlinson assumed complete responsibility for the financial affairs of his Church.   He was ultimately impeached in the year 1923 (â€Å"Church of God History†).Being a man of God, Tomlinson had failed to properly attend to the monetary affairs of the Church, as he had preferred to attend to the Holy Spirit.   Although he lost his position as the General Overseer of the Church, he could not lose his anointing from God.   Thus, the man remained loyal to the â€Å"Theocratic Government† as well as his appointment from God to lead people in faith (â€Å"Church of God History†).   Tomlinson performed these God-assigned duties with vigor and tenacity.   He even tried to reform the Church â€Å"by a principle well supported in Jeremiah 18:1-11 (â€Å"Church of God History†).†Ã‚   He had been impeached in J une.   By September he was able to get the Church of God to publish a periodical called The White Wing Messenger (â€Å"Church of God History†).Unsurprisingly, the Church of God began to flourish once more under the leadership of Tomlinson.   Although it had been persecuted, the Church also began to experience financial prosperity.   Most importantly, it was able to increase its understanding of prophetic truth through the guidance of Tomlinson.   The flag of the Church was â€Å"revealed according to Psalms 60:4 (â€Å"Church of God History†).†Ã‚   Soon after the United States Patent Office had granted recognition to the flag, in the year 1939, Tomlinson heard of a young minister named Grady R. Kent, who had been severely persecuted in Egan, Georgia.   Tomlinson invited Kent to pastor a local church in Cleveland.   Once he realized that Kent was a successful preacher, Tomlinson taught him about many prophetic passages.   The Church of Prophecy Mak ers Association was formed in the year 1941.   Shortly before his death in 1943, Tomlinson appointed Kent as its general secretary (â€Å"Church of God History†).Thus, Tomlinson fulfilled his responsibilities toward the Church until the very end of his term on earth.   Franklin D. Roosevelt, the president of the United States, was one of the many people who expressed their condolences at the demise of the great minister.   Tomlinson had been largely responsible for the â€Å"overspread of Pentecostalism† during the twentieth century (â€Å"Church of God History†).   Most importantly, however, he was responsible for helping countless people expand their knowledge about the Gospel.   Milton, his younger son, who was appointed as the General Overseer of the Church of God, is not known to have possessed the qualities of his father (â€Å"Church of God History†).   After all, Tomlinson had nurtured a special relationship with God that had granted h im special privileges in connection with the Holy Spirit, and ultimately with the Body of Christ.ReferencesHunter, H. D. (2003, Winter/Spring). A. J. Tomlinson’s Journey Toward Racial Reconciliation.Church of God History and Heritage.Nienkirchen, C. W. (1992). A. B. Simpson and the Pentecostal Movement. Peabody, MA:Hendrickson Publishers, Inc.

Abortion The Battle Of Moral Rights Essay - 1835 Words

Abortion: The Battle of Moral Rights One of the most controversial topics in the field of philosophy is abortion. The issue about the morality of abortion is continuously debated. The matter of abortion hinges on the question of personhood—because since then, every person has a moral status. The big question about the morality of abortion rise on the question: when does personhood begins? The two main sides of the abortion debate is between the conservative view which is supported by the Catholic Church and the liberal view which is supported by optimistic philosophers of abortion. Philosophers holding the conservative view argue that human personhood starts from the unicellular zygote â€Å"and thus – according to the religious stance – one should not have an abortion. To have an abortion would be, by definition, murder† (iep.edu). The anti-abortion side of the argument perceives abortion as morally wrong in any circumstances—regardless of the semester of pregnancy, as it is ending someone else’s life and taking their moral statuses. Philosophers on this side of the argument consider zygotes or biological cells as human beings—an individual with personhood and moral status. On the contrary, for a liberal view, â€Å"they claim that human personhood begins immediately after birth or a bit later (Singer). Thus, they consider the relevant date is at birth or a short time later (say, one month). The proponents of the moderate views argue that there is a morally relevant break in theShow MoreRelatedAbortion And The Morality Of It921 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion and the morality of it has been a hot topic for years in the United States although it has been carried out for centuries in different cultures. Abortion is a medical procedure deliberately terminating a pregnancy. 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The abortion issue is also the most passionate and debatable in the United States to whether allow one to have free will over their body or have the government make that decision. Furthermore, it is one of the leading debate in political races. In this society everyone has a choice and they all have consequences. The